Na mwandishi wetu
Makala hii inaelezea ulaji unaofa na mtindo bora wa maisha kwaajili yaafya na hali bora ya lishe ya mtu.Lengo la makala hii ni jinsi ya kuepuka magonjwa sugu yasiyo ya kuambukiza kama vile kisukari , magonjwa ya moyo, shinikizo kubwa la damu na aina mbalimbali za saratani kwa kuzingatia ulaji unaofaa na mtindo unaofaa.MAKALA hii inakujia kwa hisani ya Taasisi ya chakula na lishe Tanzania .Makala ina sura kumi na mbili fuatana nasi.
SURA YA KWANZA
MSINGI
WA LISHE BORA
Msingi walishe bora ni pamoja na
kuzingatia ulaji unaofaa na mtindo bora wa maisha.Ulaji unaofaa ni ule
unaozingatia milo mikuu mitatu ambayo ni kifungua kinywa, chakula cha mchana na
chakula cha jioni/usiku.Milo hii inapaswa kuwa ya mchanganyikona yenye kiasi
kilicho sahihi toka katika kila kundi la chakula na kwa kila mlo.Kiasi cha chakula kutoka katika kila
kundi kinategemea kiasi cha nishati unachopaswa kupata kila siku.Kiasi hicho cha nishati hutegemea
umri,jinsia , mazoezi na kazi mtu anazojishughulisha nazo.Mwili pia unaweza
kuwa na mahitaji ya ziada ya virutubisho kwa mfano wakati wa ujauzito.
Mahitaji ya nishati kwa makundi tofauti ya watu
.Wanawake wasiojishughulisha na kufanya mazoezi na wazee wa jinsia
zote wanahitaji nishati ya kadiri ambayo ni milo ianyoweza kutoa kilo kalori 1,600
kwa siku.
.Watoto , vijana wa kike , wanawake
wanaojishughulisha na kazi za mikonona wanaume wasiojishughulisha na kufanya
mazoezi wanahitaji kilo karoli 2,200 kwasiku.
.Vijana wa kiume,wanawake wenye
kujishughulisha sana na kazi za mikono na wanaume wenye kujishughulisha nkwa
kadiri wanahitajikilo karoli 2,800 kwa siku.
.Wanawake wajawazito wanahitaji
kilo karoli 2,700 kwa siku.
.Wanawake wanaonyonyesha
wanahitaji kilo karoli 3,000 kwa siku .
.Wanamichezo na wanofanya mazoezi
ya kutumia nguvu mfano mpira, mieleka au riadha wanahitaji zaidi ya kilo karoli
3,000 kwa siku.
Inashauriwa katikakila molo kula kiasi sahihi cha chakula kutoka katika
kila kundi .Kupima kiasi cha chakula kinachohitajika tunaweza kutumia kikombe maalum(standard cup).
Vikombe hivi vinapima kiasi cha
chakula cha ujazo wa ¼,1/2,3/4 na kikombe kizima.
Ili kurahisisha uelewa wa jamii
vipimo hivi vimetafsriwa kwa kukadiria kiasi cha chakula mtu anachotumia kwa
kutumia kiganja chake cha mkono.Ni muhimu katika kila kundi kiganja cha mkono
kikatumika kupima kiasi cha chakula
kinachotakiwa.
Makundi ya chakula yamegawanyika kama
ifuatavyo
1.Vyakula vya asili ya nafaka,
mizizi na ndizi za kupika.
Vyakula katika kundi hili ni
chanzo kikuu cha wanga.Vyakula hivi huupatia mwili nishati na joto .Unapaswa
kutumia vipimo 6 hadi 11 toka katika kundi hili kulingana na uzito wako, umri
wako, jinsia, n.k. Kwa wale wenye uzito uliozidi ni vipimo 6 hadi 8 .Vyakula
vyawanga vimegawanyika katika sehemu kuu mbili.
i)Vyakula ambavyo huyeyushwa
kwa urahisi.
Vyakula hivi ni pamoja na nafaka
zilizokobolewa kam vile mkate uliotengenezwa kwa unga mweupe, ugali wa sembe na
mchelemweupe.Kwa kuwa vyakula hivi huyeyushwa na kufyonzwa kwa haraka, huongeza
kwa haraka zaidi kiasi cha sukari mwilini.Ulaji wa vyakula hivi kupita kiasi
huchangia ongezeko kubwa la uzito wa mwili hivyo kuwa na uwezekano wa
kusababisha magonjwa sugu yasiyoyakuambukiza.
ii)Vyakula vya wanga visivyoweza kuyeyushwa na kumeng’enywa kwa
urahisi mwilini.
Kundi hili hujumuisha vyakula
vitokanavyo na nafaka ambazo hazijakobolewa kam vile ugali wa dona, mtama,
shayiri na uwele.Vyakula vingine
vilivyoko katika kundi hili ni pamoja na mchele wa rangi ya kahawia (Brown
rice), vyakula vya asili ya mizizi kama vile viazi vikuu, ndizi na ming’oko.Vyakula
hivi vinamakapi kwa wingi , uyeyushwaji
wake ni wa taratibu na hivyo kutoongeza sukari kwa haraka mwilini.Hali hii
hupunguza uwezekano wa kupata ongezeko la uzito mwilini na hivyo kupunguza
uwezekano wa kupata magonjwa sugu.Uyeyushwaji wa vyakula hivi huchukua muda
mrefu.
Tumia kiasi cha ukubwa wa ngumi
ya mkono wako kwa kupima kiasi cha mlo toka kundi hili, kipimo kimoja ni sawa
na
.Kipande kimoja cha mkate
.Kikombe kimoja cha uji wa
dona
.Ngumi moja ya ndizi zilizopikwa
.Nusu ngumi ya ugali wa
sembe au wali mweupe
.Chapati moja nyembamba
Katika kundi hili kikombe kimoja ni sawa na kadiri ya ukubwa wa ngumi
yako.
Faida za vyakula vya asili ya nafaka, ndizi za kupikwa na mizizi.
.Huupatia mwili nguvu na
joto
.Vyakula vya wanga visivyoweza
kuyeyushwa kwa haraka mwilini.
>Haviongezi kiwango cha lehemu
mwilin
>Hupunguza uwezekano wa kupata
saratani ya njia ya chakula
>Huzuia kuongezeka kwa uzito
wa mwili kupita kiasi
>Huchelewesha ufyonzwaji wa
sukari mwilini
2.Vyakula vya asili ya wanyama , jamii ya kunde na mbegu za mafuta:
Kundi hili lina utomwili (protini)kwa wingi na pia nishati, vitamini na madini .Utomwili
ni muhimu kwa kujenga mwili, hutengeneza vimeng’enywa na kujenga upya sehemu za
mwili zilizoharibika.Vyanzo vya utimwili ni pamoja na aina mbalimbali za
vyakula vya asili ya wanyama, jamii ya kunde, mbegu za mafuta, na wadudu wanaoliwa.Unapaswa
kutumia vipimo 2 hadi 3 kwa siku kwa chakula toka katika kila kundi hili.
Tumia kiasi cha ukubwa wa kiganjacha
mkono wako kwa kupima kiasi cha mlo toka
katika kundi hili.Kipimo kimoja ni sawa na ;
.Kiganja kimoja cha karanga
.1/2 kikombe cha maharage
yaliyopikwa
.Glasi ya maziwa yaliyoenguliwa mafuta
.Kiganja kimoja kwa kila kipande cha nyam, kuku
samaki.
Mambo muhimu ya kuzingatia
.Pendelea kutumia nyama nyupe
mfano, samaki au kuku
.Tumia mara chache nyama nyekundu
mfano ya ng’ombe au nguruwe
.Toa ngozi ya kuku kabla ya
kupika
.Toa mafuta yote yanayoonekana
katika nyama kabla ya kupika
.Pendelea kununua nyama isiyonona
.Pendelea kuchoma, kubanika au
kuchemsha nyama na si kukaanga.
3.Mbogamboga
Mbogamboga zina virutubishi aina
ya vitamin na madini kwa wingi.Virutubishi hivi vinahitajika mwilini ili
kuoboresha afya na kuimarisha kinga ya mwili dhidi ya maradhi.Mbogamboga
zinaweza kuliwa pasipo kipika , mfano kachumbari au baada ya kupika , mfano
mchicha .Mbogamboga ni pamoja na mboga za majani , jamii ya mizizi mfano
karoti, na mboga nyinginekam bamia , nyanya
na biringanya.
Unapaswa kutumia vipimo 3 hadi 5 kwa siku.
Tumia kiganja cha mkono wako kupima kiasi cha mbogamboga,kipimo kimoja
ni sawa na
.Kiganja kimoja kwa mbogamboga zilizozopikwa
.Viganja viwili kwa mboga zisizopikwa (kachumbari)
.Supu ya mbogamboga nusu kikombe
Mambo muhimu ya kuzingatia wakati wa kuandaa mbogamboga
.Zisianikwe au kuwekwa juani kwani ni joto la jua uharibifu vitamini.
.Zisioshwe kabla kukatwakatwa ili kuzuia upotevu wa vitamini.
.Zipikwe kwa muda mfupi kutegemea
aina ya mbogana kiasi cha moto ili kuzuia upotevu wa virutubishi kama vile vitamini
C.
.Zifunikwe wakati wa kupika ili
kuzuia upotevu wa vitamin.
‘
4.Matunda
Matunda huupatia mwili vitamini ambazo
husaidia kuukinga mwili dhidi ya magonjwa na ufyonzwaji wa virutubishi vingine.Kwa
mfano vitamini C husaidia ufyonzwaji wa
madini ya chuma.Kundi la matunda linajumuisha mapapai, maembe, manansi,
matikiti maji, maparachichi, matufa na mapera.Mengine ni matunda pori ambayo ni
pamoja na ukwaju,zambarau, ubuyu, furu, mabungo n.k.
Unapaswa kutumia vipimo 2 au 4
kwa siku
Tumia ukubwa wa kiganja cha mkono wako kupima kiasi cha matunda, kipimo kimoja ni sawa na
.Saizi ya kati ya chungwa, embe, ndizi n.k
.Saizi ya kati ya kipande cha papai, tikiti maji,nanasi n.k
.Juisi ya matunda glasi moja
Mambo ya kuzingatia
.Pendelea kula tunda kama lilivyo
bdala ya kutengeneza juisi.
.Epuka kumenya tunda kama si
lazima.
5. Mafuta, Sukari na Asali
Mafuta, sukari na asali hutumika
kam viungo , huongeza ladha ya chakulapia huupatia mwili nishati.Mafuta pia
husaidia uyeyushwaji na ufyonzwaji wa vitamin A,D, E na K.Mafuta ni pamoja nay ale yatokanayo na
mimea kama vile karanga,alizeti na ufuta, mafutaya wanyama kama vile samli na
siagi.Ikumbukwe kuwa mbegu za mafuta pia zina utomwili.Utumiaji wa vyakula hivi
uwe kiasi kidogo tu.
Mambo ya kuzingatia.
.Usiache kutumia mafuta kabisa
kwani yna umuhimu mwilini
.Pendelea mafuta yatokanayo na
mimea, kuliko ya wanyama au yaliyogandishwa kama vile siagi
.Juisi ya matunda ina sukari ya
asili hivyo haihitaji kuongezwa sukari
KUMBUKA
.kula chakula mchanganyiko kwa
afya bora
.Kula mboga mboga na matunda
katika kila mlo
.Osha matunda kwa maji safi na
salama kabla ya kula
.Zingatia usafi wakati wa kuandaa
chakula
.Kipimo kiomoja ni sawa na ukubwa
wa ngumi au kiganja cha mkono
wako.Ukiubwa wa kiganja chako unakupatia makisio ya kipimo cha kiasi unachopaswa
kula
SURA YA
PILI
VIASHIRIA VYA HATARI VYA MAGONJWA
SUGU YASIYO YA KUAMBUKIZA
Viashiria
vya hatari vya magonjwa sugu yasiyo ya kuambukiza ni vile vinavyoongeza
uwezekano wa kupata magonjwa hayo.Viashria hivyo vimegawanyika katika sehemu
mbili:vile visivyoweza kubadilika kabisa na vile vinavyoweza kubadilika kwa
kurekebisha mtindo wa maisha .
Viashiria hatari
visivyoweza kubadilika ni:
.Umri
.JInsia
.Viashiria vya
kinasaba
Viashiria
hatari vinavyoweza kubadilika pale mtindo wa maisha unaporekebishwa ni pamokja na
.Ulaji
usiofaa kama vle
>Matumizi ya kiasi kikubwa cha vyakula
vinavyotoa nishati (wanga, mafuta na utomwili)
>Matumizi ya kiasi kikubwa cha mafuta au vyakula vya mafuta
>Kutokula au kula kiasi kidogo cha matunda au mbogamboga
>Matumizi ya vinywaji vilivyoongezwa
sukari
>Matumizi ya kiasi kikubwa cha chumvi
. Kutofanya mazoezi ya kutosha na kutojishughulisha na
kazi za mikono.
.Unywaji
pombe kupita kiasi
.Uvutaji wa
sigara na matumizi ya tumbaku
Ulaji na mtindo
wa maisha usiofaa kam ulivyoainishwa hapo juu,hupelekea mabadiliko kwenye mwili
ambayo huwa viashiria vya hatari vya magonjwa sugu yasiyo ya
kuambukiza.Viashiria hivi ni ;
.Uzito
uliozidi na unene
.Ongezeko la
lehemu mwilini
.Shinikizo
kubwa la damu
.Ongezeko la
sukari kwenye damu
Viashiria
hivi huweza kudhibitiwa kwa kubadili
mtindo wa maisha
Ulaji na
mtindo wa maisha usiofaa hujitokeza zaidi katika mazingira ya mjini.Watu wa
mijini hupendelea zaidi kula vyakula vilivyokaangwa mfano chipsi
mayai,vilivyotiwa sukari nyingi mfano kekina soda,vyakula vilivyowekwa chumvi
nyingi mfano crisps na soseji.
Usafiri mjini
unapatikana kwa urahisi hivyo watu hawatembei kwa miguu sana.Kwa wale
wanaofanya kazi kwenye ofisi za magorofani hutumia lifti.Baadhi ya familia
huajiri wahudumu wa nyumbani kusaidia kazi za mikono.Vyote hivi huchangia
ongezeko la magonjwa sugu yasiyo ya kuambukiza mijini kuliko vijijini.
SURA YA TATU
UZITO ULIOZIDI UNENE
Watu wengi hasa wale waishio maeneo ya mijini wana uzito au mafuta
yaliyozidi mwilini.Unene ni hali ambayo mtu huwa na takribani asilimia 20zaidi ya
uzito unaotakiwa kulingana na urefu wake .Hali hii inachangia uwezekano wa
kupata magonjwa sugu yasiyo ya kuambukiza .Kuzidi kwa uzito kwa watu wazima
hupimwa kwa kutumia Fahirisi ya uzito wa mwili (FUM) yaani Uwiano wa uzito
katika kilogramu na urefu katika mita za mraba.Uwiano huu huitwa kwa lugha ya
kingereza ni Body Mass Index(BMI)
FUM = UZITO(kg)
Urefu(m)
M
fano mtu mzima mwenye uzito wa kilo 75 na urefu wa mita 1.7 FUM yake ni 75/(1.7*1.7)=75/2.28 =26 yaani kilogramu 26 kwa mita moja ya mraba.
fano mtu mzima mwenye uzito wa kilo 75 na urefu wa mita 1.7 FUM yake ni 75/(1.7*1.7)=75/2.28 =26 yaani kilogramu 26 kwa mita moja ya mraba.
DENGUE FEVER DENGUE FEVER AWARENESS.
Dengue
is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes. It is widespread in
tropical and sub-tropical regions. In the month of February 2014, the
Dar es Salaam Public Health Officials confirmed a new wave of dengue
fever cropped up in the most parts of Dar es Salaam and is still
continuing.
The first ever recorded fever in Dar es Salaam was recorded in 2010 and in July last year. The Ministry reaffirmed that there were no confirmed death in either two past breakouts.(Tambwe M., Daily Newspaper, 8.2.2014)
Although dengue symptoms, when mild, can seem flulike, there is no vaccine or treatment for the infection other than staying hydrated and taking acetaminophen to manage the pain, other pain killers of the NSAID group like Ibuprofen & Diclofenac are not recommended as they can increase bleeding due to low platelet count (blood clotting cells). Those flulike symptoms also hamper public health officials’ ability to track the disease, because official surveillance of occurrences is based on medical reports and patients may not seek care for what they assume is a bout of flu. An estimated 50 million to 100 million dengue infections occur worldwide yearly, and severe forms of the disease can be fatal, especially among children. Beyond dengue’s death toll, its impact is largely felt in economic terms because sickened people cannot work or attend school.
Many people, especially children and teens, may experience no signs or symptoms during a mild case of dengue fever. When symptoms do occur, they usually begin four to 10 days after the person is bitten by an infected mosquito.
SYMPTOMS
The principal symptoms of dengue fever are listed below. Generally, younger children and those with their first dengue infection have a milder illness than older children and adults.
The first ever recorded fever in Dar es Salaam was recorded in 2010 and in July last year. The Ministry reaffirmed that there were no confirmed death in either two past breakouts.(Tambwe M., Daily Newspaper, 8.2.2014)
Although dengue symptoms, when mild, can seem flulike, there is no vaccine or treatment for the infection other than staying hydrated and taking acetaminophen to manage the pain, other pain killers of the NSAID group like Ibuprofen & Diclofenac are not recommended as they can increase bleeding due to low platelet count (blood clotting cells). Those flulike symptoms also hamper public health officials’ ability to track the disease, because official surveillance of occurrences is based on medical reports and patients may not seek care for what they assume is a bout of flu. An estimated 50 million to 100 million dengue infections occur worldwide yearly, and severe forms of the disease can be fatal, especially among children. Beyond dengue’s death toll, its impact is largely felt in economic terms because sickened people cannot work or attend school.
Many people, especially children and teens, may experience no signs or symptoms during a mild case of dengue fever. When symptoms do occur, they usually begin four to 10 days after the person is bitten by an infected mosquito.
SYMPTOMS
The principal symptoms of dengue fever are listed below. Generally, younger children and those with their first dengue infection have a milder illness than older children and adults.
- High Fever, up to 41ºC
- Severe Headaches
- Muscle, bone and joint pain
- Pain behind your eye
Patient might also experience:
- Widespread rash
- Nausea and vomiting
- Minor bleeding from your gums or nose
Most
people recover within a week or so. In some cases, however, symptoms
worsen and can become life-threatening. Blood vessels often become
damaged and leaky, and the number of clot-forming cells in your
bloodstream falls. This can cause:
- Bleeding from the nose and mouth
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent vomiting
- Bleeding under the skin, which may look like bruising
- Problems with your lungs, liver and heart
- Red spots or patches on the skin
- Black, tarry stools (feces, excrement)
- Drowsiness or irritability
- Pale, cold, or clammy skin
- Difficulty breathing
PREVENTION
There is no vaccine for preventing dengue.
The best preventive measure for residents living in areas infested with Ae. aegypti is to eliminate the places where the mosquito lays her eggs, primarily areas that hold standing water to stop mosquitoes from multiplying
There is no vaccine for preventing dengue.
The best preventive measure for residents living in areas infested with Ae. aegypti is to eliminate the places where the mosquito lays her eggs, primarily areas that hold standing water to stop mosquitoes from multiplying
- Items that collect rainwater or to store water (for example, garbage cans, house gutters, buckets, pool covers, coolers, toys, flower pots, plastic containers, drums, buckets, any other containers, pet's water bowls, or used automobile tires) should be covered or properly discarded.
- Protect boats and vehicles from rain with traps that don’t accumulate water.
- Maintain swimming pools in good condition and appropriately chlorinated. Empty plastic swimming pools when not in use.
- Clothing: Wear shoes, socks, and long pants and long-sleeves. This type of protection may be necessary for people who must work in areas where mosquitoes are present.
- Apply mosquito repellent containing DEET
- Use mosquito netting to protect children younger than 2 months old.
- Cover doors and windows with screens to keep mosquitoes out of your house
- Repair broken screening on windows, doors, porches, and patios.
- Using air conditioning or window and door screens reduces the risk of mosquitoes coming indoors.
- Proper application of mosquito repellents.
- Mosquito Control: Use screens on doors and windows; use patio insecticides such as Permethrin (pesticide and repellent) and Allethrin (candles and lanterns. Wear long sleeve shirts, long pants, socks and closed shoes to avoid mosquito bites at dusk and dawn especial.
- Use repellents containing DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) or Picaridin on your clothing and exposed skin. Follow manufacturer’s instructions and CDC recommendations.
TREATMENT
There is no specific medication for treatment of a dengue infection. Persons who think they have dengue should use pain relievers such as acetaminophen, other pain killers of the NSAID group like Ibuprofen & Diclofenac are not recommended as they can increase bleeding due to low platelet count (blood clotting cells). They should also;
There is no specific medication for treatment of a dengue infection. Persons who think they have dengue should use pain relievers such as acetaminophen, other pain killers of the NSAID group like Ibuprofen & Diclofenac are not recommended as they can increase bleeding due to low platelet count (blood clotting cells). They should also;
- Rest,
- Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration,
- Avoid mosquito bites while febrile and
- Consult a physician.
You
should see your GP if you develop a fever or flu-like symptoms within
two weeks of returning from an area where the dengue virus is common. If
a clinical diagnosis is made early, a health care provider can
effectively treat you. Kindly VISIT your nearest Health centre for advice and to test and confirm diagnosis of Dengue fever.
ULAJI BORA KWA WATU WENYE UKIMWI
Kuishi na
virusi vya ukimwi huathiri kinga ya mwili hali ambayo husababisha kuubgua
marakwa mara na kupungua kwa uzito.Hali hii huchangia kuongezeka kwa mahitaji ya
virutubishi mwilini ambavyo yasipokabiliwa huweza kusababisha utapiamlo.Kuboresha hali ya
lishekutasaidia kuimarisha kinga ya mwili na hivyo kupunguza makali ya UKIMWI.
Kutokana na
kuongezeka kwa mahitaji ya virutubishi,mtu anayeishi na vvu anapaswa kuongeza
kiwango cha vyakula vyenye nishati,utomwili
,vitamin na madini.Virutubishi hivi vinazweza kupatikana kwa kula chakula
mchanganyiko na cha kutosha kila siku.Inashauriwa kuwa na vyakula hivyo
vitokane na makundi yafuatayo;
.Vyakula vya nafaka,aina ya mizizi na ndizi
za kupika
Kazi kubwa
ya vyakula hivi ni kuupa mwili nguvu na joto.Vyakula katika kundi hili ni
pamoja na nafaka kama vile mahindi,mchele ,mtama, ulezi,ngano,na uwele,aina ya
mizizikama vile viazi,mihogo na magimbi na ndizi za kupika.
Nafaka
zisizo zisizokobolewa zina virutubishi zaidi vya vitamini B na nyuzinyuzi kuliko zile zilizokobolewa.Mara nyingi
vyakula hivi huchukua sehemu kubwa ya mlo.Pamoja na na vyakula hivi kuupa mwili
nguvu na joto ,vilevile huupa kiasi kidogo cha madini ,vitamini na utomwili.
.Vyakula vya jamii ya mikunde,na
vyenye asili ya wanyama
Vyakula hivi
huupatia mwili utomwili kwa wingi ambao
ni muhimu katika kujenga mwili na misuli.Vyakula vyenye asili ya mikundeni kama
maharage,njegere,kunde,soya,njugumawe,dengu, na choroko;vyenye kokwa kama
karanga na korosho.Vyakula vyenye asili ya wanyama ni pamoja na
nyama,samaki,dagaa,maziwa,mayai,jibini,maini,figo,senene,nzige na
kumbikumbi.Vilevile vyakula hivi huupatia mwili kiasi kidogo cha vitamin na
madini.
.Mafuta na sukari
Mafuta na
sukari huongeza nguvu na uzito wa mwili.Vyakula hivi pia huongeza ladha ya
chakula.Vyanzo vya mafuta ni kama vile samli,siagi,ufuta,alizeti,kweme,mawese
na karanga;na sukari hupatikana katika asali,miwa,sukariguru na ile ya
kawaida.Asali na sukari guru zina vitamin
na madini kwa wingi kuliko sukari nyeupe.
.Matunda
Matunda ni chanzo
kizuri cha vitamini na madini.Virutubishi hivi husaidia kuimarisha kinga ya
mwili.Kundi hili linajumuisha matunda kama vile
mapapai,maembe,mapera,malimao,mapesheni,mananasi,peasi,ubuyu,ukwaju,machungwa
na mabungo.
.
Mbogamboga
Mbogamboga
kama vile mchicha,majani ya kunde,matembele.mnafu,mchunga,majani ya maboga na
karoti zina vitamini na madini kwa wingi.Vitamini na madini ni muhimu sana
katika kuboresha kinga ya mwili hasa kwa watu wenye maambukizi ya VVU/UKIMWI.
Maji pia ni muhimu kuuwezesha mwili kufanya kazi inayotakiwa.Inashauriwa
kunywa maji safi na salama nay a kutosha kiasi kisichozidi lita 1.5ambazo ni
karibu sawa na glasi nane kwa siku.Vinywaji vingine vinavyoweza kuupa mwili maji
ni pamoja na madafu,togwa na maji ya matunda mbalimbali.
Vyakula vyenye
nyuzinyuzi ni muhimu mwilini kwasababu humsaidia mtu aweze kupata haja kubwa
kwa urahisi.Vyakula vitokanavyo na mimea kama vile mboga za majani,matunda,nafaka
zisizokobelewa na jamii ya kunde zina nyuzinyuzi kwa wingi.Vyakula hivi ni kama
viazi vilivyopikwa na kuliwa bila ya kumenywa,karoti,spinachi,kunde,mbaazi,
maharage,machungwa na mahindi yasiyokobolewa.
Inashauriwa
.Kula chakula cha kutosha katika makundi yote ya
vyakula kila siku
.Kuongeza kiasi cha matunda na mbogamboga
.Kutumia zaidi nafaka zisizokobolewa
.Kupika
vyakula vya asili ya nyama mpajka viive vizuri.Vyakula hivi vikiwa havijaiva ni
chanzo cha maambukizio
.Kuepuka
unywaji wa pombe kwani hupunguza uwezo wa mwili kupata virutubishi muhimu
.Kuepuka
uvutaji wa sigara kwani hupunguza hamu ya kula na kudhoofisha kinga ya mwili
.Kupunguza
utumiaji wa vinywaji vyenye kafeine kwa wingi kama vile kahawa, chain a soda na aina ya kola kwasababu huathiri ufyonzwaji
wa badhi ya virutubishi
.Kuzingatia
usafi wa mwili na mazingira ili kupunguza hatari ya kupata magonjwa ya
kuambukiza
3.0
Kukabiliana na matatizo ya kiafya yanayoambatana na VVU/UKIMWI kwa njia
ya ulaji bora
Kuna matatizo
mbalimbali ya kiafya yanayoambatana na VVU/UKIMWI.Matatizo hayo yanaweza
kuathiri mfumomzima wa ulaji,umengenywwaji wa chakula na ufyonzwaji wa virutubishi
mwilini.Baadhi ya matatizo hayo yanaweza kukabiliwa kwa njia ya ulaji bora,nayo
ni pamoja na kuharisha,kukosa hamu ya
kula na mabadilikoya ladha,vidonda na utando kinywani,kichefuchefu na
kutapika.Matatizo mengine ni homa,kiungulia na vidondavya tumbo,kupungua uzito,
upungufu wa damu,kukosa haja kubwa,kifua kikuu,kikohozi pamoja na matatizo ya
ngozi.
3.1 Kuharisha
Inaendelea
.
issa MSEKWA nitafurahi sana kama mtatimiza makala hii ya ulaji.nitaifuatilia mwanzo mwisho
ReplyDeleteUlaji unaofaa ni somo zuri na tunahitaji makala nyingi zaidi ziwekanavyo ili tujifunze kuhusu namna ya kuboresha afya zetu
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